Following the Supreme Court’s invalidation of IEEPA tariffs, USTR initiated Section 301 investigations on March 11, 2026 into 16 economies — including China, the EU, Japan, Mexico, Vietnam, and India — over structural excess manufacturing capacity. Sectors flagged include steel, aluminum, semiconductors, batteries, and autos. Tariffs under Section 301 are more durable and not subject to time limits. New duties could be imposed as early as summer 2026 once investigations conclude.